Questions and answers – Parliamentary Committee on Science and Research

Next CSA astronaut mission to the ISS

When will CSA astronauts return to space?

Key messages:

• All of the CSA's four active astronauts are technically qualified and medically certified for both the Artemis and ISS missions.
• An important objective for the CSA is gaining flight experience for our entire astronaut corps as early as possible in their career.
• CSA astronaut Colonel Joshua Kutryk is the next Canadian astronaut to fly to the ISS as part of the NASA Expedition 75 (Crew 13), expected to launch no earlier than September 2026.
• This will be the CSA's fourth long-duration mission to the ISS.

Extending Canada's role in the ISS through 2030

Is there a possibility of extending ISS beyond 2030? If yes, would Canada support the extension?

Key messages:

• The U.S. Congress is currently reviewing a draft NASA Authorization Act that includes a proposal to extend the ISS to 2032; however, no formal decision has been made by the U.S.

ISS deorbiting

The ISS is set to be decommissioned in the near future. How will Canada continue to have access to space?

Key messages:

• The technical lifetime of the station is limited by the primary structure, which itself is limited by dynamic loading (such as spacecraft dockings and undockings) and orbital thermal cycling.
• De-orbiting:
  • The CSA is working with NASA and international partners on the deorbiting plan for the ISS, including Canadian assets.
  • Countries from around the world are getting ready to send humans farther into our solar system, beyond the ISS. The Moon represents a crucial stepping stone in humanity's quest to travel onwards to Mars.

Human spaceflight in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) post-ISS

Future LEO outpost

Key messages:

• Following the planned deorbiting of the ISS, Canada anticipates it will continue to need crewed LEO outposts to:
  • Train and prepare astronauts for future deep space expeditions;
  • Conduct microgravity research and technology development to improve the safety and effectiveness of spaceflight;
  • Advance technologies required for lunar and eventually Martian exploration; and
  • Enable Canadian industry and academia to access space for research, innovation, technology demonstration and commercial opportunities.

Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite QEYSSat

What is the status of QEYSSat?

Key messages:

• The CSA's QEYSSat mission will demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) in space.
• QKD is a technology that creates virtually unbreakable encryption codes and will provide Canada with secure communications in the age of quantum computing.
• As Canada's first dedicated quantum communications mission, QEYSSat will bring Canada a step closer to the realization of a truly secure communication infrastructure that will enable national and even global interconnection.
• QEYSSat remains in development, with its earliest launch date no earlier than late 2026.
• QEYSSat is particularly relevant today because governments are preparing for a post-quantum security environment, where future quantum computers could undermine current encryption methods and make secure key distribution a strategic communications priority.

STRATOS – CSA's stratospheric balloon program

What is the most recent development of STRATOS and how do these investments contribute to our Earth observation priorities?

Key messages:

• STRATOS, the CSA's stratospheric balloon program, allows Canadian scientists and engineers to launch instruments and experiments into the stratosphere, showcasing excellence while inspiring and training the next generation of experts.
• The CSA uses stratospheric balloons to test and validate new technologies developed for space missions and to perform science experiments, including those related to space observation, in a space-like environment for up to 40 times less than the cost of a satellite.
• The program helps to grow Canada's space sector by advancing homegrown innovations, supporting capacity development, and providing opportunities for collaboration with industry and academia.
• For example, ALI and SHOW, two scientific instruments that were developed and tested through the STRATOS program, will fly on the High-altitude Aerosols, Water vapour and Clouds (HAWC) satellite mission to support our preparation for extreme weather events.
• In 2025, four zero pressure balloons carrying seven Canadian payloads were launched from the Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base enabling scientists to test and validate their instruments in the stratosphere.
• Through its strong partnership with the French space agency, CNES, STRATOS strengthens Canada's international ties and reinforces our position as a trusted partner for Europe.

Artemis II

What does the success of the Artemis II mission mean for the future of Canada's space program, and how can this experience be used to grow Canada's footprint in space?

Key messages:

• Artemis II marked a historic first for Canada, with CSA astronaut Colonel Jeremy Hansen becoming the first Canadian to fly around the Moon.
• The mission showcased the strength of Canada's space sector, highlighting our technological expertise, global leadership, and ability to inspire Canadians nationwide.
• Canada's role on Artemis II is the result of decades of expertise and partnership, particularly in space robotics and long-standing collaboration with NASA and European partners.
• Through future contributions, opportunities for Canadian participation in lunar science, technology demonstration and commercial activity are expected to grow, positioning Canada to contribute to future international missions beyond the Moon.

Canadarm3

NASA recently announced significant changes to their Lunar program, which has left the Canadarm3 without a mission. What are the CSA's plans to respond to these changes without significant cost to Canadians?

Key messages:

• I attended NASA's Ignition event, which it hosted on March 24 in Washington D.C. The event was focused on the implementation of the U.S. National Space Policy.
• During this event, NASA announced its intention to pause Gateway and shift its focus to lunar surface exploration.
• Canada is committed to deep space exploration.
• Anchored in decades of leadership and proven expertise in operating robotics in space, our country is well positioned to deliver sought after capabilities that will support the infrastructure and autonomy needed for a sustained human presence on the Moon.
• The CSA continues discussions with NASA on this change in approach and will pursue collaboration with Canadian industry and international partners to determine the next steps.

Canada's contribution to NASA's lunar plans

What are Canada's planned contributions to future Lunar missions?

Key messages:

• Canada works closely with NASA and international partners to align contributions to mission needs while leveraging key Canadian strengths.
• In addition to Canada's world-renowned expertise in space robotics, Canada is leveraging decades of investments in surface mobility systems to develop a Lunar Utility Vehicle for future lunar exploration.
• The CSA is also exploring opportunities to develop contributions in other critical areas for deep space exploration including power generation, communications, in-situ resource activities.

Lunar utility vehicle

What is the role of Canada in providing a Lunar Utility Vehicle for Moon exploration?

Key messages:

• Budget 2023 provided $1.2 billion to develop a lunar utility vehicle to assist astronauts on the Moon.
• Canada will design, build and operate a lunar utility vehicle that will leverage Canadian technologies and expertise, and generate well-paying jobs and private sector research and development (R&D) investment.
• This vehicle will be available to provide critical assistance to astronauts on the Moon and support operations, including transporting cargo, performing logistics and construction duties.

Cancellation of the LRM

Cancellation of the LRM

Key messages:

• As a result of the CER, the CSA is expected to save $41.3 million by 2029-2030 and $8.3 million ongoing.
• Savings were achieved by terminating and scaling down some projects as well as optimizing our workforce.
• The recent budget decisions reflect ongoing efforts to streamline operations, reduce overlap, and deliver strong results with available funding.
• Some projects or initiatives may be scaled back or reprioritized, but we remain committed on delivering our core mandate by working closely with teams to minimize the impact on essential services and stakeholders.

Lunar Exploration Accelerator Program (LEAP)

LEAP

Key messages:

• The lunar technology development and demonstration program (LEAP) supports Canada's world-class space industry and helps accelerate the development of new technologies.
• It also empowers Canada to leverage space to solve everyday challenges, such as enhancing remote healthcare services and improving access to healthy food in remote communities, while also supporting Canada's human space flight program.

Artemis Accords

What are the Artemis Accords?

Key messages:

• In May 2020, NASA announced the Artemis Accords, a set of principles grounded in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty to guide peaceful, safe, and sustainable civil space exploration. Canada was one of the first eight signatories and founding partners.
• The Accords are a political commitment to a set of non-binding, voluntary principles that promote responsible behaviour in space for the benefit of all humanity.
• Their principles advance transparency, interoperability, and information exchange among Signatories and through the work of the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).
• As of May 7, 2026, 67 countries have joined the Accords.
• Canada hosted the 2024 Artemis Accords Workshop at CSA Headquarters.

Astronomy and planetary sciences

Does Canada still invest in astronomy and planetary sciences, and if yes, how does it contribute to our national priorities?

Key messages:

• Canadian contributions to international astronomy and planetary science missions have achieved notable results, establishing the country as a valued partner for scientific collaboration and specialized technological expertise.
• In astronomy, Canada is participating in the NASA-led James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and in the European Space Agency's (ESA) Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (Ariel) mission. We also collaborate with NASA on the Japanese Space Agency X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (XRISM) mission.
• A Canadian only mission, Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) is in its 11th year of operation, detecting and tracking asteroids, comets, satellites and space debris.
• In planetary science, Canada has instruments on NASA's Curiosity rover to examine the Martian surface and on the OSIRIS APEX mission to study an asteroid.
• Canada played a key role in the recently concluded OSIRIS-REx mission, which successfully returned a sample of asteroid Bennu back to Earth. The CSA is getting its facilities ready to receive its portion of the asteroid sample.

RADARSAT+

Arctic Observing Mission (AOM)

How is the AOM supposed to support Canada's objectives in the region?

Key messages:

• The AOM is a proposed Canadian-led satellite mission to improve Arctic monitoring of weather, climate, and environmental conditions.
• Better weather and air-quality data will support safer day-to-day decisions for northern and remote communities, including Indigenous Peoples.
• The mission would provide data that supports national security, environmental stewardship, and international cooperation.
• AOM is in development: the CSA and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) are completing studies to refine the design, partnerships, and expected benefits, ahead of seeking implementation funding.
• Launch would be targeted for the mid-2030s.

HAWC

How will HAWC data translate into tangible benefits for Canadians?

Key messages:

• HAWC is a Canadian-led Earth observation mission, planned for launch in the 2030s, that will deliver critical data to support extreme weather prediction, climate modelling, and disaster monitoring.
• It includes a Canadian satellite and three advanced Canadian instruments measuring aerosols, water vapour, and clouds – key drivers of weather and climate – helping us better prepare for events like wildfires, flooding, and extreme precipitation.
• Overall, the mission will improve forecasts, support northern and remote communities, and strengthen Canada's ability to respond to a changing climate.

WildFireSat – Overview

What is WildFireSat and how will it improve the current situation?

Key messages:

• The WildFireSat mission will be designed to monitor active wildfires across Canada on a daily basis, while also supporting wildfire monitoring internationally.
• By providing timely, actionable wildfire data, the mission will help emergency managers better prioritize responses, support safer evacuations, reduce risky reconnaissance flights, and improve air-quality forecasts.
• WildFireSat is expected to save the Canadian economy between $1 billion and $5 billion over its first five years of operations.
• The contract with the supplier for the WildFireSat mission has been terminated for convenience.
• The CSA, NRCAN, ECCC and PSPC are currently working on options to deliver the objectives of WildFireSat. An RFI will soon be posted.

Defence Industrial Strategy (DIS)

What is the CSA's role in the DIS as a civil space agency?

Key messages:

• Defence funding is increasing significantly, and space is clearly part of that picture. Most space technologies are potentially dual use, meaning they have value for both civil and defence and security objectives.
• A $6.6 billion investment has been announced to strengthen Canada's defence industry through a DIS, which was released in February.
• This amount includes $528.5 million in 2025-26 for the CSA's ESA program, which was part of a total investment in ESA of $664.4 million.
• Canada's DIS has defined four core space capabilities needed for defence:
  • Space-Based Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR);
  • Space Domain Awareness (SDA);
  • Satellite Communications; and
  • Space Launch.
• The DIS positions space as an area where Canada already has strength and needs to build even more capability.
• The DIS outlines space launch as a sovereign capability, committing Canada to make efforts to pursue strategic autonomy in this critical area and reduce supply chain vulnerabilities.

Arctic

What role does the CSA play in advancing Canada's Arctic sovereignty?

Key messages:

• The CSA's Earth observation capabilities contribute to Canada's Arctic sovereignty by providing enhanced situational awareness and monitoring of rapidly evolving northern environments.
• Improved weather and climate services, including accurate weather forecasts and alerts, and the measurement of various aspects of climate change in the North support essential operations that ensure the safety, security, and prosperity of our Northern communities, and all Canadians.

Space debris

What is the CSA's role related to space debris?

Key messages:

• The CSA takes the issue of space debris very seriously. Old satellites, rocket parts, fragments from previous collisions, and other objects floating around in space create a hazard to active satellites and structures hosting humans in space.
• Since 1959, the CSA has worked with international partners to address space debris through forums such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee.
• International standards guide how countries can limit debris creation; in Canada, satellites must have end-of-mission disposal plans.
• Canada contributes to global space-object tracking via NEOSSat and Sapphire satellites and collision-risk reduction through CSA's Conjunction Risk Assessment and Mitigation System.

Resilience

What is space resilience?

Key messages:

• Space resilience is the capability of space systems to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions, ensuring continuity of critical operations under natural, technical, or adversarial threats.
• It is important because modern economies, military operations and public services rely on space-based capabilities.
• It means designing, building and operating satellites and ground systems to withstand disruptions and recover quickly from failures or attacks.
• It also means staying at the forefront of technology while ensuring space systems operate sustainably in Earth's orbit.

The Canadian space sector

How does the CSA support the long-term growth of Canada's space sector?

Key messages:

• The CSA uses a range of programmatic and contracting models to support and invest in the growth of the Canadian space sector.
• The CSA's Space Technology Development Program (STDP) supports companies at the earlier stages of R&D, helping them bring forward new ideas, supporting careers in growing technology sector, and taking them to the edge of commercialization.
• Since 2012, $160M has been invested in the form of non-repayable contributions to support Canadian organizations to develop innovative technologies with a strong commercial potential, and since 2008, $200M has been invested in the form of contracts to advance priority technologies.
• Through the Canada-ESA Cooperation Agreement, Canadian companies gain access to the European market by participating in ESA missions. This access to capital helps them grow and leverage their expertise in Canada.
• In November, Canada made its largest ever commitment through the ESA program, a total of €407.71 million (representing approximately CAD$664.6 million), to advance R&D of Canadian-made space technologies for both civilian and defence purposes.
• This new investment is expected to generate hundreds of jobs and a significant economic return in Canada.
• On average, every dollar awarded to Canadian companies generates three dollars in follow-on commercial sales, leading to more jobs for Canadians, home-grown technological expertise, and opportunities for collaboration in the European space market.
• CSA programs and procurements are a key driver of growth in the Canadian space sector, which had $5 billion in total revenues in 2024.
• In 2024, the most recent year for which we have published data, the sector contributed $3.8 billion to GDP, 14,622 high-quality jobs, and high intensity investment in business R&D activities.

Canada-ESA Cooperation Agreement

Why did Canada invest in ESA programs, and how does this benefit Canadian companies?

Key messages:

• In November 2025, Canada announced a total investment of CAD$664.6 million (representing approximately €407.71 million) in ESA programs.
• Through the Canada-ESA Cooperation Agreement, Canadian companies gain privileged access to ESA programs and initiatives, opening doors to Europe's space market and driving industrial growth for Canadians.
• On average, every dollar awarded to Canadian companies generates three dollars in follow-on commercial sales, leading to more jobs for Canadians, home-grown technological expertise, and opportunities for collaboration in the European space market.

Supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the prosperity and growth of the Canadian space industry

What are the CSA's main funding programs to support research and innovation in industry and academia?

Key messages:

STDP

• The CSA's STDP supports innovation for the growth of the Canadian space industry and to reduce technological unknowns.
• By investing in domestic R&D, we are strengthening Canada's capacity to adapt, remain resilient, and maintain the critical space-based services that Canadians depend on.
• Since 2012, $160M has been invested in the form of non-repayable contributions to support Canadian organizations to develop innovative technologies with a strong commercial potential, and since 2008, $200M has been invested in the form of contracts to advance priority technologies.
• Over 500 space-related technologies have been supported by the STDP program since 2007 and over 130 Canadian organizations have been engaged.

ESA cooperation

• Thanks to Canada's longstanding cooperation with the ESA which spans close to for technology development contracts and participation in ESA-led missions that are not available to non-member states.
• On November 26, 2025, during ESA's Ministerial Council held in Bremen Germany, Canada announced a total investment of €407.71 million (approximately CAD$664.6 million) in ESA programs.
• This investment strengthens Canada's participation in ESA initiatives by giving Canadian companies and universities access to world class research programs, advanced technology development, and space qualification and flight opportunities.

Flights and Fieldwork for the Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST)

• The FAST initiative provides grants to Canadian university and college research projects that are contributing to the advancement of space and technology. It also offers hands-on experience, such as space missions, to undergraduates.
• The objectives of this initiative are:
  • To develop and maintain a critical mass of researchers and highly qualified personnel (HQPs) in space-related areas in Canada;
  • To increase scientific knowledge and/or develop new technologies; and
  • To increase the value of students for future employers in the space sector by exposing them to practical experiences that enable them to acquire space science and technology knowledge and skills sought by industry.
• To date, 179 projects have been funded across 30 Canadian universities through this initiative; with an investment of over $47M in these projects and over 1,200 student participants (over 50% of which are undergraduates).

Empowering youth and educational programming

Does the CSA offer any educational programming or support to students wanting to work in the space sector?

Key messages:

• Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) outreach and youth engagement is essential to inspire the space workforce of tomorrow.
• Inspiring young Canadians to study STEM is a priority for the CSA.
• The CSA connects youth to real space missions and research so they can see how STEM careers lead to exciting space work.
• The CSA offers free STEM tools, including:
  • Online learning resources and classroom-ready activities;
  • A free e-book, The Explorers Club: To the Moon!, featuring CSA astronauts; and
  • Mission: Astronaut, an online game that introduces astronaut careers and space science.

Supporting academic scientific research

What is the CSA doing to support academic scientific research? How is this contributing to our national priorities?

Key messages:

• The CSA plays a key role in advancing academic scientific research across Canada through competitive programs such as the Research Opportunities in Space Science (ROSS), Research Opportunities in Satellite Earth Observation (ROSEO), and FAST initiatives, providing grand funding to support projects led by universities and research institutions across Canada.
• These initiatives enable Canadian researchers to participate in priority space missions and generate critical data and knowledge in areas such as climate science, Earth observation, and space exploration.
• This work directly supports government priorities by strengthening evidence-based decision-making, advancing climate and Arctic monitoring, reinforcing sovereignty, and driving innovation and economic growth.

AI and space

How are the latest advancements in AI affecting the space sector?

Key messages:

• We are seeing growing momentum around AI in the space sector, contributing to advancements across mission operations, Earth observation, and Space Situational Awareness (SSA).
• AI is emerging as a key enabler to strengthen mission resilience, and to reduce operational risks, costs, and ground-segment workload.
• Edge AI, which is the deployment of AI directly on devices, enables real-time decision-making on spacecrafts resulting in more immediate operational responses.
• Initiatives such as Mission Persistence, which was partially funded by the CSA, illustrate the ability to rapidly and autonomously detect events and interpret observations. This ability is critical in environments where communication delays limit human intervention, such as lunar, deep-space, and planetary missions.
• The advancement of automated, decision-ready insights from Earth observation data are expected to increase the return on investment for Earth observation missions and improve applications such as climate monitoring, disaster response, Arctic surveillance, and national security.
• Canadian initiatives are equally leveraging AI to enable automated detected, tracking, and prediction of objects in orbit to improve our ability to enhance SSA, anticipate risks and better safeguard space assets.

Quantum and space

What role does the CSA see for quantum technologies in future space missions, such as communications, navigation, or sensing?

Key messages:

Quantum

• Quantum technology, particularly quantum sensing, enhances Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) by providing highly accurate, GPS-independent alternatives, essentially enabling navigation in challenging environments.
• Quantum technology also enhances SSA by providing unprecedented precision in tracking, identifying, and predicting the movements of satellites and space debris.
• Many of these technologies are dual use, meaning that they can have both civil and military applications.

The CSA's role in the future of quantum technology

• The CSA aims to help build and validate the enabling quantum communications technologies, architectures, and standards that government and mission partners will rely upon.
• In the short term, the CSA's QEYSSat initiative is underway, with launch planned no earlier than late 2026.
• In the medium to long term, the CSA will continue acting as a mission integrator, technology demonstrator and international partner, in order to help Canadian companies and researchers qualify quantum communications, sensing and timing technologies for future space missions.
• Advancing quantum technology will help support Canada's security, sovereignty and innovation objectives.

David Florida Laboratory (DFL)

What is the status of the DFL?

Key messages:

• In March 2024, under the Refocusing Government Spending initiative, it was announced that CSA operations at DFL would be terminated following a one-year wind-down period.
• In June 2025, the CSA issued a temporary occupancy licence to MDA Space to operate DFL, and since November 2025, the company has been providing testing services to Canada's space sector.
• The occupancy licence is an interim measure while a long-term strategy on the use and ownership of DFL is being developed.
• The CSA remains committed to supporting a strong and competitive Canadian space industry.

Diversity and inclusion

What are the CSA's contributions towards Diversity and Inclusion?

Key messages:

• The CSA is committed to an inclusive workplace that values diversity and respects differences.
• A diverse workforce improves well-being and helps employees reach their full potential.
• Under its 2025–2028 Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Plan, the CSA is:
  • Focusing on inclusive recruitment; and
  • Working to remove systemic bias from its processes.
• The CSA encourages all youth—including those from underrepresented communities—to pursue STEM and space careers.
• A diverse new generation is essential to Canada's future space leadership.

Commercial space launch

What is the CSA's role in sovereign space launch?

Key messages:

• The DIS identified commercial launch from Canada as a critical capability for our sovereignty.
• The CSA is supporting Transport Canada, the regulator of space launch from Canada, as they develop rules for safe and sustainable space launches.
• Space launch would strengthen Canada's domestic capacity to cover the full lifecycle of space missions - adding to our world-leading capability in design, construction and operations.
• Developing this strategic capability that would also position our sector to capture a share of the growing global space launch market.
• The CSA has provided more than $7 million in funding between 2017 and 2025 for launch technologies through the STDP.
• The CSA is also engaged with Defence Research & Development Canada colleagues to support the $105 million "Launch the North" challenge.
• As part of this challenge, three Canadian companies - NordSpace, Canada Rocket Company, and Reaction Dynamics - are advancing launch prototypes, with initial launches targeted by 2028.

Spaceport Nova Scotia

What is the CSA's role in funding Spaceport Nova Scotia?

Key messages:

• The CSA's role is to support Canada's broader space ecosystem through technical expertise, collaboration, and sector development.
• The CSA is not responsible for funding Spaceport Nova Scotia; that investment was announced by the DND.
• On March 16, 2026, Canada's Minister of National Defence, the Honourable David J. McGuinty, announced a $200 million investment in core infrastructure for a Canadian-owned spaceport, alongside other major new space-related capabilities and initiatives.
• This investment will support the operational needs of the DND, the Canadian Armed Forces, and the wider Government of Canada, while also offering ad hoc access to allies and partners.
• This marks a significant step forward in Canada's sovereign space program as outlined in Security, Sovereignty, Prosperity: Canada's DIS.

U.S. Executive Order and NASA

How does the U.S. Executive Order, "Ensuring American Space Superiority" and current U.S. budget considerations impact the CSA?

Key messages:

• NASA held its Ignition event on March 24, 2026, in Washington D.C., focussed on the implementation of their updated space policy, with the focus shifting to lunar surface exploration.
• Canada is committed to deep space exploration.
• Collaboration with the global space community is central to the CSA's mission of peaceful use and development of space for the benefit of Canadians.
• We are committed to delivering our current projects while maintaining and strengthening collaboration with the global space community.
• Our top objective is to maintain forward momentum for Canada's space program, while enabling commercial opportunities for the Canadian space sector.
• Anchored in decades of leadership and proven expertise in operating robotics in space, our country is well positioned to deliver sought after capabilities that will support the infrastructure and autonomy needed for a sustained human presence on the Moon.
• The CSA continues discussions with NASA on this change and approach and will pursue collaboration with Canadian industry and international partners to determine the next steps.

U.S. Tariffs and Canadian Response

U.S. Tariffs and Canadian Response (Media lines provided by ISED – updated in April 2026)

Key messages:

• U.S. tariffs are a global problem, not a bilateral irritant – they signal a wider shift toward using tariffs and economic ties as leverage, creating uncertainty and costs that ripple through allies, supply chains, and global markets.
• Canada is diversifying with reliable partners – expanding and deepening trade and investment links beyond any single market, building new corridors and partnerships to strengthen shared prosperity and resilience.
• In a more uncertain trade environment, deepening Canada's other international partnerships, especially towards the European space sector through ESA partnership, helps Canadian companies diversify markets and partnerships, strengthening resilience while continuing to grow high-value work in Canada.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

How are Canada and India working together on space?

Key messages:

• This year marks 30 years of collaboration between the CSA and ISRO. Our first agreement on space cooperation was signed in 1996.
• The CSA and the ISRO agreed to cooperate on Earth observation and intend to explore joint initiatives on space exploration and quantum technologies, leveraging space-based technologies to support innovation and disaster resilience.
• To reinforce the benefits, the Leaders agreed to establish an Implementation Arrangement under the CSA-ISRO MOU to operationalize joint projects and facilitate technical collaboration.

Space cooperation with nordic countries

How will Canada benefit from the Canada-Norway Space Cooperation Agreement?

Key messages:

• A new Canada–Norway agreement strengthens collaboration in space research, innovation, and commercialization.
• The partnership focuses on Arctic and High-North needs, including Earth observation and Canada's RCM for maritime domain awareness.
• Canada and Norway will work together on future missions to improve weather, climate, air quality, space weather, and snow-mass monitoring (AOM and the Terrestrial Snow Mass Mission).